浅谈美国现代农业的几个特点

郭丽英; 陈印军; 罗其友; 陈京香

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浅谈美国现代农业的几个特点
郭丽英,陈印军,罗其友,陈京香
中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081

摘要:

基于赴美实地调研与考察，应用文献综述、案例分析与比较方法，对美国农业政策、农业区域布局、农田管理技术、农业经营方式等方面的特点进行了简要梳理。得出如下主要观点:（1）农情监测及防灾减灾是规避风险和统筹管理的重要保障;2）农业补贴及农技推广是保障美国现代农业可持续发展的有效手段;（3）节水高效农业是美国现代农业发展的重要技术手段;（4）农业区域布局及机械化管理是提高生产效率、降低生产成本的基本前提;（5）劳动力短缺是美国现代农业发展的重大障碍。

关键词: 现代农业农业区域布局农业政策美国

DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20130624

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基金项目:基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41101162）

PRIMARY DISCUSSION ON SEVERAL FEATURES OF MODERN AGRICULTURE IN UNITED STATES

Guo Liying¹, Chen Yinjun², Luoqiyou³, Chen Jingxiang⁴

1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081;2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100082;3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100083;4.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100084

Abstract:

Based on the field survey and investigation in United States， using literature review， case study and comparative method， several features of American agricultural policy， agricultural region layout， farmland manage- ment technology， agricultural management way were briefly combed in this paper. Main points were that : 1） crop monitoring and disaster prevention and reduction was the important guarantee to avoid the risk and the overall man- agement; 2） agricultural subsidies and agricultural technology extension were the effective means to protect the modern agriculture sustainable development in United States; 3） water-saving efficient agriculture was an impor- tant technical means of the development of modern agriculture in United States; 4） agricultural regional layout and mechanical management was the basic premise for improving the production efficiency and reducing the production cost; 5） the labor shortage was a major obstacle for the development of modern agriculture in United States.

Key words: modern agriculture agricultural region layout agricultural policy united states